Infosys Global Delivery Model Essay

1) In the context of GDM, please explain how Infosys attempt to build a global cadre of management is consistent with its strategic need? What are the limitations of its staffing approach? Global Delivery Model is the latest and most efficient outsourcing model in the world. GDM believes in the ideology that production should be done in that part of the world where it is the cheapest to produce and should be sold where you get the best price for the produce. It consists of onsite, near site and offshore models. The onsite and near site models are present near to the customer while the offshore model consist of different offshore centers of the company which are present all over the world. Infosys has adopted the GDM in a most competent way and has a huge market share in the global outsourcing market. With the emergence of MNCs and Chinese companies the global competition in the outsourcing market is enormous. Apart from these huge international giants, other Indian companies who have the cost advantage can give Infosys huge competition. Due to these factors Infosys has to constantly update its GDM to maintain its competitive edge. For this purpose it is very important for Infosys to constantly upgrade its management. Not only upgrade its practices but also be innovative with them so that no one can replicate them. To have an edge over these competitors Infosys needs to constantly improve on its core competencies. At this point in time global management of this caliber will be the differentiating factor between Infosys and any other organization. This is what they are persistently doing and which is consistent with their strategic need The staffing approach at Infosys is one of the best in the world. This approach equips it with many advantages but it also has its downsides. One problem that they can face is that of the employees switching jobs for better wages. In this scenario the whole investment done on the training of the employee goes down the drain. The employee doesn’t leave alone he leaves with a lot of experience under his belt. And the new person who is hired will have to learn to fill in those gaps. This is a huge limitation of the staffing policy at Infosys. 2) What are the key compensation challenges that Infosys has faced while managing GDM? How is Infosys addressing these challenges over time? How are these challenges different from the challenges faced by a developed country (such as USA) MNCs? The key compensation challenges are of two types firstly these challenges are about the compensation of employees who are hired abroad for the onsite model. These employees are the locals of these countries so they are hired at much more price than the Indian employees. This is a major area of concern because this increases the cost of doing business many folds. The second compensation challenge is when employees are offered better salaries wages by other local and foreign competitors. Because Infosys cannot allow these employees to leave they have to offer them better salaries. This again increases the costs. These challenges are different from abroad such that these MNCs pay huge sums to their employees in their home countries while in India they get cheap labor which is actually good for the company. But for Infosys it is the opposite. The costs go up when you move your operations abroad. Thus the situation for foreign companies coming to India is much more favorable. 3) Narayan Murthy, chairperson of Infosys, is a celebrated corporate leader in India. Many path breaking corporate HR initiatives in India such as employee stock options are credited to him. Conduct online/offline research on Mr. Murthy’s leadership style and critically analyze it in the context of the facts mentioned in the case. Narayan Murthy is credited for many initiatives for the employees and their benefits such as the best reward systems. Apart from these initiatives he is also known for encouraging communication of employees with the higher management and for that purpose he used to send emails to all the employees fortnightly. It is widely known that Murthy wants his employees to take all decisions on merit and he believes that ego should not come in to play while making decisions. Murthy’s leadership style is more like that of a charismatic leader. A charismatic leader believes more in participation, decision making and empowerment of the employees. Although he aims to empower his employees but the pace he is doing it on is very slow. It seems he is doing this in reaction to different external factors. Such as the variable salary structure was employed after different firms started to make offers to the employees of Infosys. Although he is doing a great job keeping the employees happy but he should think ahead about the different obstacles he might face.

Merits and Demerits of Shakespeare

Merits and Demerits of Shakespeare In Preface to Shakespeare, Johnson has shown the merits and demerits of Shakespeare based on the plays he has edited. Here he gives the readers some sound ideas about the virtues and faults of Shakespeare. That Shakespeare's characters have am interaction with nature and that his works have a universal appeal are the major assertions of Johnson in favour of Shakespeare's merits and what he says about the demerit of Shakespeare is that Shakespeare tries more to please his audience than to instruct them which is a serious fault because it is always a writer's duty to make the world morally better.However, what Johnson has seen as the merits and demerits of Shakespeare are given below: Merits of Shakespeare: At first Johnson explicates Shakespeare's virtues after explaining what merit can be determined by the Shakespeare's enduring popularity. He proceeds thence to elevate Shakespeare as the poet of nature. â€Å"Nothing can please many, and please lo ng, but just representations of general nature† (7). He says, â€Å"Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life†. 8). Again he says that Shakespeare's characters â€Å"are the genuine progeny of common humanity † In the writings of other writers , a character is too often an individual but a character of Shakespeare has a universal appeal, and his characters are the representatives of the common people. Moreover Shakespeare is a prophet figure and from his writings we find the ideas of worldly wisdom and the principles which are of value in society and at home. He says, â€Å"from his works may be collected a system of civil and economical prudence. (9) Again he says that by writings Shakespeare brings out the whole sphere of life. Moreover his heroes are like common human beings. And the qualities that are found in Shakespearean heroes can be found in every human being. As he says , â€Å"Shakespeare has no heroes; his scenes are occupied only by men, who act and speak as the reader thinks that he should himself have spoken or acted on the same occasion† (13) In his characterization and dialogue, Shakespeare â€Å"overlooks the casual distinction of country and condition,† striking at the center of humanity (15).The nature captured by Shakespeare's characters is exhibited in the â€Å"ease and simplicity† of their dialogues (10) Indeed, Johnson points out, the distinctions of character stressed by such critics as Voltaire and Rymer impose only artificial burdens on the natural genius of Shakespeare. He lays an enormous stress on Shakespeare's adherence to general nature. He states: â€Å"Shakespeare always makes nature predominate over accident; and if he preserves the essential character, is not very careful of distinctions superinduced and adventitious.His story requires Romans or kings, but h e thinks only on men. â€Å"(15) Johnson goes further in his defense of the Bard's merit, extending his argument from the characters within his plays to the genre of the plays themselves. In the strictest, classical sense of the terms, Johnson admits, Shakespeare's works cannot be fairly called comedies or tragedies. For this too, his plays earned harsh criticism from Johnson's contemporaries. Johnson, though, sees in the mixture of sorrow and joy a style which â€Å"approaches nearer than either to the appearance of life† (20).Demerits of Shakespeare: His praise for Shakespeare, which centers on the Bard's sublunary approach to character, dialogue, and plot, does not blind him to the poet of nature's weaknesses. Johnson airs Shakespeare's imperfections without hesitance. In doing so, though, he does not weaken his arguments; he simply establishes his credentials as a critic. As Edward Tomarken points out, â€Å"for Johnson, criticism requires, not intrusive sententiae, but evaluative interpretations, decisions about how literature applies to the human dilemma† (Tomarken 2).Johnson is not hesitant to admit Shakespeare's faults: his earlier praise serves to keep those flaws in perspective. Even without that perspective, however, Johnson's censure of Shakespeare is not particularly harsh. For the most part, Johnson highlights surface- level defects in the Bard's works: his â€Å"loosely formed† plots, his â€Å"commonly gross† jests, and- most ironically-his â€Å"disproportionate pomp of diction and a wearisome train of circumlocution† (Johnson 34, 35). The most egregious fault Johnson finds in Shakespeare, though, is thematic.Unsurprisingly, Johnson exhibits emphatic distaste for Shakespeare's lack of moral purpose. Johnson argues that he † He sacrifices virtue to convenience, and is so much more careful to please than to instruct, that he seems to write without any moral purpose † (33). In leading â€Å"his per sons indifferently through right and wrong† and leaving â€Å"their examples to operate by chance,† Shakespeare has abandoned his duty as an author as the righteous Johnson would have that duty defined (33). This is, in his eyes, Shakespeare's greatest flaw, though it does not supercede his other merits.Shakespeare's plots, he says, are often very loosely formed and carelessly pursued. He neglects opportunities of giving instruction or pleasure which the development of the plot provides to him. He says, â€Å"The plots are often so loosely formed, that a very slight consideration may improve them, and so carelessly pursued, that he seems not always fully to comprehend his own design. † (34). Again he says that in many of his plays, the latter part does not receive much of his attention. This charge is certainly true.The play of Julius Caesar clearly shows a decline of dramatic interest in its second half. He says, â€Å"It may be observed, that in many of his pl ays the latter part is evidently neglected. When he found himself near the end of his work, and, in view of his reward, he shortened the labour, to snatch the profit. â€Å"(35) Next, Johnson considers Shakespeare's style and expression. According to him there are many passages in the tragedies over which Shakespeare seems to have laboured hard, only to ruin his own performance.The moment Shakespeare strains his faculties, or strains his inventive powers unnecessarily, the result is tediousness and obscurity. However, Johnson adopts purely a neo-classical point of view which emphasizes the didactic purpose of literature as much as its pleasing quality. In this respect we can't agree with Johnson's condemnation of Shakespeare. Because all that we can expect from an artist is that he should give us a picture of life as he sees it.

Action Case Study Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Action Case Study Walmart - Essay Example â€Å"Net Sales† was â€Å"$405Billion†, operating income was â€Å"$24Billion† and employee strength was â€Å"8416 workers.† (Financial highlights, 2010, para.1). Wal-Mart follows strict ethical and moralistic views in business. Its main guidelines are in terms of â€Å"Respect for the Individual†, â€Å"Service to our Customers and â€Å"Striving for Excellence.† (Our 3 basic beliefs, n.d, para.1). From a strictly ethical perspective, the circumventing of audit standards enforced by Mart auditors, Wal-Mart of the Ningbo Belfa Group are indeed reprehensible and was caught on three different occasions by the audit team. Speaks of the utter callousness with which this vendor views audit was caught on three different occasions; violating minimum wage and hours of overtime rules stipulated by the audit team. While Wal-Mart could hardly be said to be a party in these misfeasance, its strategic alliance with Belfar Group could put it in a spot of real trouble, in terms of being associated with a company with human rights violation record. This could also reflect badly on the business image and reputation of Wal Mart too. Walmart claims to have over 3800 food outlets in the United States and more than 2600 stores in the rest of the world. It has gained eminence as one of the market leaders in the retail trade and has completed streamline and reinforcement in supply chain management network by deliberating its pricing below competitive prices. Thus, it gained a major chunk of the middle class customers; who cannot afford high cost consumer products for daily use. Perhaps, one of the main reasons for the commercial success of Wal-Mart has been the success in online marketing and also its lower price than other brands. Also, it caters the needs of a large lower middle class segment of consumers, who would like to buy goods at cheaper rates than what is available in physical stores. Wal-Mart has attained a tremendous success in catering to this market. The factors that possibly

Week 5 Discussion and Participation Questions Essay - 1

Week 5 Discussion and Participation Questions - Essay Example The fast food industry is an example of an industry that is facing a red ocean. There are over 160,000 fast food restaurants in the United States serving over 50 million people daily in an industry generates approximately $165 billion in revenues each year (Numberof, 2011). The red ocean characteristics of the industry mean that the industry is every saturated. A way to create a blue ocean within this industry is by formulating a niche strategy. A good niche strategy would be to form a pizza fast food chain that specializes in Neapolitan pizza. Neapolitan pizza is an Italian pizza style that cooks pizza at high temperature which enables the pizza to be ready in three minutes. I see how your specialized talents could help a person in a niche within a marketplace. I have a family member that recently graduated from psychiatric school. She has on offer on the table to work in Laredo Texas. She is trilingual. She speaks fluent English, Spanish, and French. In Laredo Texas there is a high population of Latino people especially a lot of Mexicans because Laredo is located near the border of Mexico. Looking back at history Texas used to be a part of Mexico. My cousin has a great chance in the future to create her own niche psychiatric practice based on the fact that she speaks three languages. I respect the fact that you might not be interested in pursuing a niche strategy for yourself as far as not wanting to start your own business, but as a future MBA graduate it is in your best interest to study and learn how niche markets work. As a future manager you might be faced with a scenario in which you might have to perform a product launch for the company you are going to work in the future based on a product positioned in a niche market. In the educational field you might be able in the future to formulate a niche market strategy. For instance you could start a business that provides

From Copycats to Innovators Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

From Copycats to Innovators - Case Study Example After knowledge acquisition, the multinationals then focus on mid-tech innovative products thus leading to affordable products through the reverse innovation process. Good examples of new innovations are China's BYD, a battery maker that has attained huge market in developing electric cars and Tata’s Nano Car that is cheaply priced at approximately $ 2,500 and mass-produced across the globe (Peng, 2013). Another core capability of emerging multinationals is the ability to adapt the emerging technologies to small-scale markets of the developing economies. In this case, the company is capable of developing a specialized variation of the product and incrementally improving the product in order to meet the needs of the niche market (Peng, 2013). For instance, Samsung of Korea and Acer from Taiwan have built their global reputation and market share through adapting the technology to the domestic markets and focusing on specialized variations of the mainstream products offered by mu ltinationals in developed economies (Peng, 2013). Emerging multinationals enjoy cheap labor and access to natural raw materials in their production process (Peng, 2013). Developing countries enjoy the high number of semi-skilled and skilled labor that offer their services at low wages and huge natural raw materials thus reducing the overall costs of production. In addition, the companies face lenient government regulation due to low concerns about climate change, product quality standards and pollution in the economy (Peng, 2013). The emerging multinationals have more freedom in initiating new structures and values, unlike the established global players that have long histories and static cultures (Peng, 2013). The multinational from developed countries enjoy certain core resources and capabilities that enable them to compete effectively in the market.

Slavery in Farming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Slavery in Farming - Research Paper Example What is their living pattern, how much are they paid, what kind of working conditions are they experiencing and are they satisfied. In a Country like the United States, there are about 1.4 million farm workers who work in states like Washington, Texas, North Carolina, Oregon, Florida and about one-third of them are living in California. Majorly the farmers are working on the large farms. Most of the farm workers are immigrants and are part of the temporary population. From the times of Chinese gold diggers coming from the Pearl River Delta and trying to work on their native horticulture especially in the valleys and areas of California from the 19th century, the farm workers are most marginalized and are living a life which is precarious especially in the agriculture state along with slavery practice bringing with it from the South a lot of concerns about the agriculture. They are problems and the major problem is their language problem and this makes them live an isolated life, tota lly away from the outside world (Hopkinson, D. 2006).   During the New deal era, there was a Wagner Act along with national labor relations act which was signed by the President Franklin Roosevelt during the year 1935, sadly the farm workers were excluded from these acts as per the demand and request of the democratic senators coming from the south. They were not ready to extend the privileges to the African Americans and these were mostly the farm workers who were working in that region. The situation and condition along with the treatment had been the same with the farm workers since that time and no remedies and solutions have been taken out to work or improve conditions for them or think about them. Minimum wage laws do not apply federally to the farm workers along with the farmers not being entitled to the overtime pay as well. The labor rules totally change for the farm workers. Children who are of 12 years can be hired to work on the farms. According to some researchers and surveys, there has been an estimation of about 300,000 and 800,000 who work in the American fields at some point in their life in a year. There is no proper system to check, track and count them and their work. A lady from Bon Appetite Management company foundation, Vera Chang said that last week at the Eco-Farm Conference that about 22 full-time inspectors are taking control of 1.4 million farm workers and even during the 21st century there has been a systemic progress linked with the farm workers and their situation. Throughout America different incidents took place, from farm owners who were existing in Florida were charged for violating human rights and there have been about eight cases which involved slavery and about more than 1000 farm workers who were foreigners were prosecuted (Bushman, C. L., & Walker, J. 2002).  

The World of Options After Graduating From College Essay

The World of Options After Graduating From College - Essay Example Starting as a timid and reluctant girl who preferred to hide than showcase latent talents, one became motivated to be an active contributor to academic excellence through steering personal growth and encouraging other students to improve social responsibility and performance. Suffice it to say that the fruit of one’s labor has led to maintaining an above average GPA through all four years, as one remunerates, the most rewarding accomplishments were honing holistic and multidimensional skills. One recognizes the need to balance academic pursuit with civil and social awareness, adherence to spiritual obligations, delving into sports activities, and simply having fun with family members and friends. The four years at Lafayette College were the most challenging, yet humbly rewarding experiences that enabled one to contribute to the growth and development, not only of oneself but more so, of all the people who have touched one’s life. Through genuinely sharing the knowledge, skills, and abilities gained during the last four years, one has gained a wealth of wisdom in return. As one learned, wealth is most valuable when unselfishly shared with civil and social awareness, adherence to spiritual obligations, delving into sports activities, and simply having fun with family members and friends.  

Semester Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semester Project - Assignment Example The restaurant’s cookery is no longer up to standard, and a high quantity of food has been wasted for the reason that there is significant decrease in demand from our customers. Lindsay, the senior chef, mistreats the two employees by putting much pressure on the amount of work they should do per day. David and Kingston perform cooking, cleaning and serving customers roles against their agreement with the company only to cook. This pressure at work has led to a lot of fatigue and their energy wasting away. Their health is at risk and is deteriorating day by day. The two have gotten to the peak and were almost quitting their jobs. The attitude of these employees towards their supervisor is negative; thus, making them be careless at work in rendering services. This has drastically pulled down the Ummedda Restaurant’s profile after a report on its inefficiency in customer service was published on the Daily Newspaper (Mejia, Balkin & Cardy n.p). As the company’s manager, I feel like the senior chef is the failure. She has proved incompetent in handling her juniors and portraying the right leadership skills. Lindsay has failed by trying to discipline the employees without consulting. On the other hand, David and Kingston’s rights have been violated according to the company’s policies. The two have faced workplace bullying that has negatively influenced their mental and physical health. Above all, all these employees have failed to report to the authority of the problem and its cause; thus, failure is on both parties. Currently, my image as a restaurant manager is badly tarnished due to the numerous criticisms that I face from the public out of the scenarios at the workplace based on the determination of the cause of the problems. Claims are that there is a lack the necessary management skills and as a manager, I should consider going for further training. In most occasions, I have been

Philippines Essay Example for Free

Philippines Essay I. Expected Argument The academic progress of the students will increase because English is the medium used in international textbooks and schools. II. Rebuttal The students’ academic progress may be hindered due to unfamiliarity with the language, especially more so with the less fortunate people in the country. III. Explanation For many in the Philippines, the fluent use of the English language has always indicated a level of superiority or better upbringing among its people. This and the fact that the English language is most commonly used in an international basis has lead people to believe that English is more valuable than the Filipino or any other indigenous language. This idea, I believe, is false. The English language is not a gauge of one’s intelligence, as subjects such as Science and Math do not need to revolve around the language. Recent studies have shown that students who study in their own native tongue have obtained the highest scores, for example students from Japan and Korea. Eduardo Gullas, an old lawmaker from Cebu, says that Filipino children failed in the recent math and science tests given by DepEd because they have poor English. He also added: â€Å"To begin with, math and science manuals and most other books for that matter are in English, so learning becomes extremely difficult if the student has deficient English.† Also, using English puts poorer student at a disadvantage. Not everyone speaks English at home so children from Tagalog speaking home are less likely to understand the lessons. Also, the students would also be more concerned whether their use of English was correct and be more hesitant to recite and speak in class, thus hindering their educational development. IV. Examples 1. Malaysia said it will drop English as the language of instruction for math and science in schools, in a highly sensitive decision that has split opinion in the multiethnic country. The government cited a 2008 survey which found that students performance in math and science had fallen since it had been taught in English, and that rural children were hit particularly hard. 2. An article by Saffir Rammah states that; â€Å"We (Academy of the Punjab in North America) believe that the native language is the only genuine and true medium of expression for any nationality, in particular for communicating their emotions and feelings to each other. Millions of Punjabi sons and daughters who even today write letters to their Punjabi speaking parents, friends and other loved ones in Urdu or English are missing the most basic and vital mode of communications available to human beings – their own mother tongue. If we sit down for a few moments and ponder on this phenomena, we will soon come to the conclusion that it is a crime against a whole nation to deprive them the proper training in written expression in their own language† and that, â€Å"that the use of Urdu as the medium of instructions in schools is the main cause of low literacy rate in West Punjab and is one of the main impediments of economic growth and development of civil society. We take note of the fact that all developed nations, including the Asian Tigers that have recently made major strides in economic development, use their native languages as medium of instructions in schools. We are convinced that education in Punjabi is a must for the educational, economic and civil development of West Punjab.† 3. In a study done in 2006, 52% of Filipino students prefer bilingual classes with both English and Filipino rather than pure and straight English in subjects like Math and Science because it’s too hard to understand and because some words have no direct Filipino-English meanings.

The stanger and Truman comparison Essay Example for Free

The stanger and Truman comparison Essay The Stanger written by Albert Camus and The Truman Show both have irony in them. In the beginning their life is in a sense meaningless and nothing really to it. Trying to live a â€Å"normal† life is what they are striving for. Truman from The Truman Show and Meursault from The Stranger both have things that foreshadow their ultimate choices in life, which include symbolism, existential themes, and irony. In The Truman Show, there is irony present throughout the whole movie. During most of the film, Truman wanted to leave Seahaven and go explore the world. He had a desire to do more than just live a quaint, common life. He is unique, and it is his motivation that makes him stand out. His enduring determination helped him find the answer. For example, he almost drowned during a storm while sailing, but he persisted on. Truman got an answer, but it may not have been the answer he was searching for. Once Truman learned that his life was a television show, he realized he would not be as unique if he left. He would not be the center of attention, and now wants to be just an ordinary person outside of Seahaven. There also irony present throughout The Stranger, as Meursault also has somewhat of an epiphany towards the end of the novel. Throughout the story, Meursault is indifferent to many things and does not show strong moral values. For example, he kills a man without strong reasoning. After getting sentenced to death, he truly realizes why he is getting punished for his actions. He understands what will happen to him and accepts it. Ironically, instead of having moral thoughts or feelings of remorse, he believes that hatred of him would make him feel less Gonzales 2 alone. However, he realizes he becomes happier when he better understands human existence and purpose. â€Å"As if that blind rage had washed me clean, rid me of hope; for the first time, in that night alive with signs and stars, I opened myself to the gentle indifference of the world. Finding it so much like myself—so like a brother, really—I felt that I had been happy and that I was happy again. For everything to be consummated, for me to feel less alone, I had only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hate,† (Part 2, Chapter 5, P. 123). He feels lonely, and it is the hate from the crowd of spectators that help him feel less alone. There are also existentialist themes in The Truman Show. Although the show’s creator, Christof, tried to keep Truman in Seahaven, he ultimately could not. Truman’s freewill and control of his own fate led him to discovering the truth about Seahaven, and thus controlling the outcome of his life. He accepted the reality of his life being centered on a television show, but moved on by leaving Seahaven. Although Truman’s artificial world came to an end, he entered reality as he left Seahaven. Meursault faced a lot of things like an existentialist. For example, he was ready to accept his consequence after he shot the Arab. He also was ready for death, knowing it is inevitable. Some existential themes include freewill, controlling your own fate, accepting your fate, and taking responsibility for your own actions. These themes are all present in The Stranger. It was the freewill that led him to shooting the Arab, because he was in total control. He chose his fate, accepted the consequences, and took responsibility for what he did. For example, he realized he was going to die, and accepted it. Symbolically, Truman’s â€Å"fake† world coming to an end was foreshadowed by a previous event. The light fixture that fell as Truman left his home symbolized things starting to fall apart. Gonzales 3 Shortly after this even, there were more examples that caused him to be suspicious and doubtful of the world around him. Another great example of symbolism in the film was the unfinished bridge that Truman and Marlon had conversations on. Truman was always uncertain of something when he spoke to Marlon on the bridge, and it could represent Truman’s unfulfilled life and uncertainty. Although Truman’s life was unfulfilled in his eyes, there is something that foreshadows him traveling in the future and discovering something. The name of his sailboat was the Santa Maria, which was a famous boat that Columbus sailed to America on. This foreshadowed Truman leaving the town of Seahaven to explore a completely new world. There is much symbolism present in The Stranger as well. For example, Meursault does not like being uncomfortable, especially from the weather. Many perceive the sun as a source of warmth, sometimes beauty, but Meursault dislikes the heat. The sun normally brings joy, emotional warmth or comfort to an individual, but Meursault seems to dislike feeling emotional in any way. He also dislikes heat from the sun. The sun was a barrier of Meursault’s emotions. It also led him to murder. While walking on the beach, Meursault encountered the Arab again. The Arab reflected light off of his knife from the sun. Meursault thought to himself, â€Å"All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, instinctively, the dazzling spear flying up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes, (Part 1, Ch. 6, P. 59). Right after this, he shot and killed the Arab. It seems like the little emotions that Meursault had took over his actions. Before he walks up to the Arab and shoots him, Meursault thinks to himself, â€Å"It occurred to me that all I had to do was turn around and that would be the end of it. But the whole beach, throbbing in the sun, was pressing on my back. I took a few steps toward the spring,† (Part 1, Ch. 6, P. 58). However, towards the end of the novel he did gain some morals and understood much more about life. When he did, he Gonzales 4 looked into the window, with the sun shining behind it, and gazed at his reflection: I moved closer to the window, and in the last light of day I gazed at my reflection one more time,† (Part 2, Ch. 2, P. 81). Not only do they come to a meaning for their life they also find ways to change it for them. As you can see, existential themes, symbols and irony not only foreshadow, but affect Meursault’s and Truman’s ultimate choices in life. Work Cited Camus, Albert. The Stranger. January 1955. Print. Gonzales 5 The Truman Show. Peter Weir. Perf. Jim Carrey, Laura Linney, Ed Harris, Noah Emmerich, Brian Delate, Holland Taylor. 1998. Film.

Human Resource Management: Case Study of Argos

Human Resource Management: Case Study of Argos The utilization of people within an organisation called human resource for that organisation. And when the management of the organisations discuss the function that focus on recruitment, performance management and providing direction for the people called human resource management. Importance: Human resource management is a practice for dealing with the nature of employment relationship of the decisions, actions and issues that related to the organisation. Also human resource management is a legal practice between the organisation and the employee. The most important site of the human resource management discuss are given below: The use of planning The design and management of personal system for employee policy and man power strategy. Human resource management activities and policies to business strategy. Seeing the people of the organisation as a strategic resource for achieving competitive advantage. Apply the government policies in business term. Discretion and Business Ethics. Focus on employees and management. Make an employee trust under management policies. Make a safe and fairness environment for employees. Improve the employee under HR function. Work with team performance. 1.2. Purpose of Human Resource Management activities in Argos ltd: BACKGROUND: Argos is a unique multichannel catalogue retailer recognised for choice, value and convenience. Who also has known as largest general goods retailer with over 1000 stores throughout the UK and Republic of Ireland. FOUNDER: The Company founded by Richard Tompkins in July 1973. MISSION STATEMENT: Argos mission statement is we provide our customers with the best value for money through the most convenient shopping experience. OBJECTIVE: Argos is selling large scale of small electronics and toys. They are also sale large amount of household goods and jewellery. Human resource exists in any size of organisation and human resource management is very much important for profitable and non profitable sector of an organisations. The purpose of human resource management is describing below under analysing the Argos human resource management analysis: Recruitment the best employees For employees payroll system Employees training and development purpose Identify the organisational legal policy and regulation For ensuring the best work environment that safe and fair for everyone For the time management For the personal cost planning Improve the management skills Make good labour relations. 1.2. The contribution of strategic human resource management for achieving the objectives of Argos: Human resource management help to develop the organisational important sectors by planning, staffing, direction, controlling and organising to achieve the organisational objectives. Human resource management of Argos ltd is carrying an effective impact for achieving the objectives as a well known multinational company. The human resource management of Argos exist in different sectors of business, are explaining below: (a) Staffing: there are two functions in the staffing that mostly use in the Argos strategy Human resource planning: In this section human resource management first do the job analysis and make a clear vision about the job and position description, then evaluate job requirement for the for the followers. Recruitment and select the employees: Human resource management make a selection process, identify the talent, select the talent and motivate them for the role of the organisations. (b) Training: In this stage human resource management identify the assessment that need to improve and find out a way of processing with using some effective methods of analysis like competency mapping and gap analysis for the training process. (c) Development: Human resource management identify the potential assessment based on the training process. Then make a development process for the potential assessment that already receives. (d) Career planning: On the base of the development processes human resource management help to make a career planning by using talent management, which help to make an effective career path management. (e) Motivation: In this process human resource management make an appropriate appraisal system to motivate the followers, where followers get the knowledge about benefits, compensations and rewards. (f) Maintenance: Human resource management carrying a significant role in this sector, where human resource management handling some part of human resource are describing bellow: Communication: Human resource management use the appropriate way to make a communication between management and followers, directly and indirectly. Human resource management also work for customers, societies, government etc, thats why human resource management maintaining two way communication. Health and safety: human resource management make an effective design and implementing of health schemes with creating awareness and system for safe working environment. Relations of follower: Human resource management make a strong relationship to follow the policies and procedures with establishing fairness. Legalities: In this stage describe the legal issue of the organisation, knowledge about unions, legalities related employment, health and safety etc. Policy and regulation Training and development Payroll Recruitment Organisation and HR Legalities Cost Planning Time Management Work Environment On the basis of the Argos human resource management strategy analysis it can be said that, by using the proper knowledge of human resource management Argos carrying a good reputation that help to achieve the objectives in an effective way. 2.1. The business factors that underpin human resource planning in Tesco: Human resource planning contribute the knowledge of human resource for a business decision to provide guidelines for cost control, develop a managers planning, to develop productivity and efficiency by using maximum utilization of human resource. Tesco business factors that support human resource planning: The business factors of human resource planning are given below by the analysing the strategy of Tesco. Strategies and objectives Current business position and report of market fluctuations by doing market research. Business structure. Manpower requirements with accuracy of forecasting. Identify the talent internally and externally. Cultural development. Maintain the time of positioning with talents. Effective training and development for the resources. Human resource planning help to understand the organisational mission, objectives, goals and strategic requirements to achieve the effective target by accessing the existing human resource and their skills and contribution of workforce. Human resource planning provides the knowledge for future business planning and estimate requirement of resources and manpower. Human resource planning work for some additional or depletion demand of human resource such as make an estimate numbers of possible workers, employees transfer one unit to another, sometimes the depletion comes from resignations, dismissals, retirements, continuous illnesses, deaths etc. These part sometimes under control and sometimes there is no way to control. Human resource planning studying to find out the sources to supply manpower, make a way to recruit. Then human resource management use some selection and improvement process for an effective role in specific part of the organisation. 2.2. The human resource requirements in an organisational situation: The human resource requirements on the basis of the situation come through the personal requirements such as skills, experience, qualifications etc, where identify what skills, knowledge are requires for doing the job well. Qualification: knowledge about the specific subject by the numbering or grading from the recognised awarding organisations, which make a clear and accurate vision to identify organisational objectives for professional career. It helps to get the knowledge about confidential manner and time management. Skills: There are many kinds of skills. The personal skills that make confident for an opportunities. The skills, capabilities and attributes can come through many ways like community involvement, workshop, from the life experience, from study etc. Skills that identify the personal strengths and talents. The human resource requirement comes through two factors that are internal and external factors. For example internal factors work with labour requirement, skill requirement etc and external factors work with demand for labour, government policies etc. By analysing Tesco human resource management strategy their most current requirement explaining below: Skills requirement: identify the skills requirement and develop these requirements is very much important to an organisation for the competitive market place. The skills that require for the Tesco business improvement are given below: Organising and planning. Communication. Team work. Learning. Problem solving. Improve the knowledge of technology. Knowledge of self management. Counselling. Knowledge of planning. Government policies: The human resource strategy remains in government policy, which makes a standard system for monitoring legal issues, policies and develops the human resource plan. Employment, training, education, industrial, labour market competition etc these are under government policies. Employment: now a days globalisation has increased the competition for the employment. So in this competitive market place need some effective skills for supporting to get a job, and this is under government policy to improve the skills of countries human resource to provide training, proper education etc. Labour market competition: In the current market situation labour competition is very high for the credit crunch and globalisation. So government need to use the proper human resource planning for handling the situation, where need to create new job market and make a strong vision for profit for reducing labour market competition. 2.3. Develop human resource planning for Tesco: Human resource planning is very much needed for recruitment process, retention, employee development etc. There are some steps for the development of human resource planning is describing below: Strong knowledge about the business strategy of Tesco: Understand the key driving forces of business. For example the markets, competition, technology, distribution etc. Understand the implications of driving forces for the followers of the business. Identify the people contribution for the business performance. Develop a mission of Tesco: Good knowledge to make an appropriate way to develop a mission for future. To use the followers contribution. Conduct SWOT analysis: Identify the strengths and weaknesses by using SWOT analysis. Work for the weaknesses point considering the current skill and capability. Create an effective and proper plan by the considering present situation. Arrange the details of the human resource analysis: Knowledge about the organisational culture, people, human resource systems and the types of organisation. Improve the resource which are exists. Develop the manpower requirement systems: Create an effective way to improve the recruitment process. Provide the proper training. Employees re-skilling as an improvement scheme. Employee development for business develops. Margining and solution: Develop the managerial action and elaborate for the important steps of existing assumptions. Development for the organisation. Develop the communication. Employee rewarding systems develop. Develop the system of manpower planning. Develop the action plans and create an effective way to delivering in future. The utilization and the development of the human resource can develop a human resource plan for any organisation. 2.4. Human resource plan can contribute to meeting for the objective of Tesco: Human resource management is an approach for an organisation to personnel management that work for the employees and communicate with the employees, increase the commitment and identify the organisational objectives. Human resource planning is the body of shape, function and policies for working environment, and controlling the relationship with the employees, which are very much important for developing the Tesco strategic management process in future. Tesco grow their business strategy and made their position no 1 retailer in the market place of United Kingdom under report of (Poulter, S.2005). The report considers the human resource management as the purpose of contribution to the objective of Tesco. Tesco contribute the training programs for the employee to get the bigger picture for the business objectives. This model ensures to identify objectives of human resource management for employees training purpose, transfer the knowledge and handling the current business situations. The implement of Tesco for the human resource plan are describing below: Training employees: training methods are the key contributions and one of the effective purposes to growth the organisation and this organisational growth depend on employees. Human resource management help to provide a proper guidance for the employees to enable the good performance with efficiency. Transfer the knowledge: This technique help to adopt the globalisation economy for making strong conception to the employees. The skills or knowledge transfer with rewarding employees help to motivate them for effective growth. Situational handling: Human resource management help to point out the organisational key factors that trained and award in situational leadership for adapting the employees in an effective way. The employees would be facing different situation and gain different kinds of idea. So understand all this situations the situational leadership need to provide a proper guidance. A policy of human resource is the creation of the organisational objectives among the people that create an effective strategy for the organisation. The effective strategy provides team building activities, contribution training for the growth, and plan for the achieving targets. By using this methods Tesco has build their own strategy around the human resource management and using the contribution of employees for getting the bigger picture of Tesco. This enables to grow the current business position, where the knowledge based on human resources providing additional training and enable the creativity of unique approach for brand positioning. So study on proper human resource management in effectively business plan of Tesco achieved the no 1 position as a retail company in the United Kingdom. 3.1. The purpose of human resource management policies in Tesco: Human resource management works with business patterns, activities, partners, people etc. The human resource management purposes are Recruiting the best employees. Paying employees. Training and development. The organisational legal policy and regulation. Ensuring the best work environment. Time management Cost planning Health and safety Legalities Recruitment: human resource management help to provide job and position description, identify the talents, select the talents and motivate them in Tesco recruitment process. Paying employees: human resource management an effective way for payroll system with respecting the government policy related this sector. Training and development: human resource management identify the assessments of the improvement and process these using some effective methods. Career planning: in this stage human resource management identify a good career planning With provides all training and facilities. Health and safety: human resource management design and effective way of implementing the health schemes for the awareness of safe working environment. Policy and regulation: in this stage human resource management discuss about the legal policies and organisational regulation under terms and conditions. Work environment: human resource management ensure a fair and friendly working environment under different responsibility. Legalities: human resource management help to make a conception about legal issue, knowledge about unions, employment legalities etc. 3.2. Impact of regulatory requirement on human resource policies in Tesco: Human resource management is regulating the HR policy of requirements such as pay, equality, discrimination, contractual terms and condition, data protection, employment rights and responsibilities etc under the government law. The regulatory work of human resource management in different sections of Tesco business strategy is given below: Legal framework about pay: human resource management work for right payroll systems and monitors carefully about wedges under rules and it is in Wages Act of the payment 1936 Wages Act (minimum) 1936 Equal Remuneration Act 1976 Bonus Act of the payment 1965 Legal employment rights and responsibility: human resource management strongly work for the all legal issues and laws and carries a significant role for the human rights under the law of The Factories Act 1948 The Employees Provident Fund Act 1952 Rates of Contribution PF, Pension, Insurance Employees State Insurance Act 1948 Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 The Workmens Compensation Act 1923 The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 Discrimination: human resource management work to make sure a fair and the same level of rights for all gender of sex and cultural discrimination for an organisational structure under rules of Sex discrimination Act 1995/ 1997 Employment rights Act 1996 Impact of the regulatory on human resource management: HRM work with wide range of issue in an organisation Impact Human resource management activities on payroll system are explaining below Under the minimum wages Act 1936: Human resource management make sure the regulation of payment of wages by employer. Protect workers from irregular payment from the management. Work for the loss or damage of employee. Help to make an advances, loans, tax payable, and deduction under court order. Under the payment of wages Act 1936 Maintain the proper regulation by fixing a date of payment Under payment of bonus Act 1965 Make sure bonus and basic payment Minimum bonus 8.33% and maximum will be up to 20% Paid within eight months. Under the equal remuneration Act 1976 Make sure the equal payment for man and women Proper recruitment, promotion and no gender discrimination in payment. Skill, effort, responsibility under similar condition. 4.1. Impact of Sainsburys structure in human resource management: There are so many theories that make an effective conception about organisational structure. Weber theories: Max Weber gave an effective theories about organisational structure based on bureaucracy, power and control. Weber explained the organisational process, control and distinguished between authority and power by defining the responsibility; where he said that authority exist with legitimacy of the power by the rules. Mintzberg theories: According to professor Henry Mintzberg organisations has five main parts Operating care: Make a regulatory work directly with production of products and service Strategic apex: Identify the mission of strategic and deliver in an effective way and also control the people by using power. Middle-line managers: Work with strategic apex and operating the mission by the use of delegated formal authority. Tech no structure: An analyst who work for identifying the organisational objectives and the work relation with people. Design, change and preplanning the way of development. Provide training to the people. Support staff: This is an exist unit that support staff to provide training and operating working flow to achieve the goal. Human resource management is carrying a significant and an effective impact for any organisational structure. By analysing the above theories the organisational structure means the way of people are organised. The structure of Sainsburys strategy is culture, service, job satisfaction, customer relation, projects etc. These all sectors have a unique part of human resource management. 4.2. The impact of Sainsburys culture on the management of human resources: The culture consists to share the value of an organisation. The organisational Act with perfectly by proper using the strength of a culture. There are some theories available for the organisational culture, one of the theories known as Gods of management by Handy. Handy classify the organisations into four parts, where the culture depend on organisation structure, history, technology, environment etc. The four cultures he classifies are Power culture Role culture Task culture and People culture Power culture: Handy describe the power culture as a web, where he reflects the concentration the power of family owned business, which is strictly showing the responsibility of family members given to personalities rather than expertise to create power structure of the web. Power culture has some significant role such as decision making, create situations etc. The role culture: describe as a Greek temple, where apex of temple using for decision making and the pillars of the temple are carrying the functional units of the organisation. The role culture works with job descriptions, procedures, rules and systems of the organisation. The task culture: task culture much more dynamic than others because it involved in extensive research and development activities. This is a changeable culture depend on situation and identify the future needs. Task culture has close connection between departments, communication and integration, functions and specialities. The person culture: is characteristic of the model of management, where the individuals of the structure make a path for objectives. This is not the appropriate culture for business strategy, may be suitable for self-help group. Sainsburys culture: organisational culture field of the idea, which explaining the Sainsburys culture sectors such as experience, attitudes, personal and cultural values, psychology and beliefs of an organisation. The culture of an organisation related with the unique configuration which are describing values, beliefs, norms, behaviours and the function of the manner of groups and individuals that help to complete the job role. The concepts the organisational culture make external environment awareness with the people in the workplace. In this point the significant knowledge of the business which have particular collective and interactive needs of human capital. Human resource management help to expansion the on-going businesses to use the existing cultures and resources. Then establish the human resource function to monitoring the human capital culture. Human resource management is very much needed for the exploratory stage of the business for investigation, data gathered from semi-structure etc. 4.3. The effectiveness of human resource management is monitored in Sainsbury: Human resource management is a strategic approach for the organisational performance which involves with designing and implementing policies, practices and human capitals such as employee, collective knowledge, skills, behaviours etc for achieving the Sainsburys business objectives. Effectiveness of human resource management in technical and strategic sectors of Sainsbury: human resource management work for an effective way to approval of the organisational activities that socially constructed environments. Human resource management make an expectation for behaviour with legitimacy in the stakeholders. Human resource management identify the stakeholders activities to spread throughout the organisation. External stakeholders include government who regulate the employment practice and this is under human resource management activities. HRM works in an organisation through the stakeholders expectation such as recruitment, selection, performance, employee training, compensation, benefit and strategic development. So HRM carries the occupational specializations by reflecting the high level of knowledge in organisational programs with judging the effectiveness. HRM suggest for improvement of human capital with the competitive advantage based on organisational resources. The competitive advantage of human capital helps to improve the production process by the human resource. HRM makes an extra approach for strategic development of talent which reflecting an effective designs, empowerment, long-term competitors strengths and weaknesses for making the unique pool of human capital. 4.4. Justified recommendations to improve the effectiveness of human resource management in Sainsbury: HRM help to change the business patterns in an effective way of developing performance. Improve the effectiveness of HRM in Sainsbury come through strategy and performance development. The effective criteria of strategic patterns development are describing below: Operation by manager activities: Improve the employee attitudes. Improve the organisational culture to the employees. Improve the procedures and policies. Improve cultural related HR programs. Rewarding employees based on performance and behaviours. Stakeholders activities: Identify the business development issue applying HR strategy methods of stakeholders. Develop the leaders in new generation. Identify the new business strategy, discussing the critical HR metrics. Redesigning the structure for improving strategic objectives. Identify the talent that need for the improvement of business. Emergency responder activities: Work with different situation. Instant respond for current needs. Instant respond for the managers problematic issues. Respond for the employee and manager needs. Employee relationship activities: Sort out the employee competition issues under organisational environment. Handling the conflicts between the employees. Handling the conflicts between the managers. Skills participate for the organisational changes. Solve the political problems for the business development plans.

Free College Essays - Shakespeares Sonnet 130 :: Sonnet essays

Sonnet 130    Shakespeare was obviously a very deep, passionate and learned man; he was very open with how he felt and was able to express it in a way that was very exact and easy to comprehend.   In his sonnets, which, to me, are like a little diary, he talks a lot about his life involving his mistress as well as a male friend that he may or may not have been involved with.   In Sonnet 130 Shakespeare is talking of his mistress, her faults and his feelings about her an her faults.   the duration of the piece is spent pointing out the faults of this woman and how he thinks that any other man would be simply repulsed by this woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I feel that the format of this Sonnet in terms of content and Shakespeare's feelings served two purposes.   He first wanted to convey the image that even though his mistress was not as fair as one would hope for, they seemed to share some kind of kinship or bond that no other could share with him, not even his wife.   It did not matter to him that she was not as pretty but only that she is on the same wavelength that he is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, I feel that he is explaining the fact that he does not necessarily want a "mistress" that is a knockout, and that all of the qualities that other men see in women are not his own and in fact repulses him.   He says in line 13 that he loves the woman and that is rare or extraordinary which I think simply means that he cannot believe that he actually does like another woman that is not beautiful to every extent but she offers something more than just good looks.

Wind Power in the Near Future Essay -- Energy Mechanics Essays

Wind Power in the Near Future Today many people are anxious about energy for the future, as it seems realistic that petroleum energy will someday run out and since some environmental problems caused by petroleum use are getting worse. As alternatives to today’s main energy source, oil, some others have been proposed already, such as solar, water, biomass, and nuclear. Wind Power is the one of the ways that has the biggest potential and is the most practical. And it is predicted to play an important role in electrical generation for the new era. But to think wind power will be the dominant energy source can be too optimistic. How will wind power be used? To what extent will wind power take the place of petroleum? We can find the answers in some recently published articles. The article â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands,† refers to the case of BA and Chevron Texaco, the major petroleum companies, which are constructing a wind farm near Rotterdam. The article reports that this wind farm will generate the low emission electricity for 20,000 households and help the stability of the electricity market. And in the article â€Å"Power into the Future,† Ken Eastwood reports on the position of wind power in Australia. Until now mainly coal has been used in Australia, but in 2001, the federal government of Australia announced that within 10 years an extra 2 per cent of the country’s power must be produced by renewable sources, in order to reduce global warming. Eastwood said the electric generating system would shift from a small amount of huge generators to smaller but widely distributed ones. Wind power can be produced locally on a small scale. One example from Ravenshoe, a small town in northeast Australia, is shown. There... ...leum based energy, but up to a single digit percent of total. It seems that the use of wind power will be limited in both it’s amount and location. And most likely, it will be used in combination with other methods. Works Cited American Wind Energy Association. â€Å"Wind Energy: An Untapped Resource.† Ken Eastwood. â€Å"Power into the Future.† Australian Geographic, Jul-Sep 2002, Issue 67. Harris Cassius A. â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands.† Civil Engineering, Mar 2002, Vol. 72, Issue 3. Walt Patterson. â€Å"Pioneered the Concept of Distributed Micropower Generation.† Scientific American, Dec 2004, Vol. 291, Issue 6. Joe Provey. â€Å"Off the Grid.† Popular Mechanics, Mar 2005, Vol. 182, Issue 3. Peter Schwartz and Reiss Spencer. â€Å"Nuclear Now.† Wired, Feb 2005, p 78~83. â€Å"Wind Turbines Taking Toll on Birds of Prey.† USA Today, Jan 05, 2005. Wind Power in the Near Future Essay -- Energy Mechanics Essays Wind Power in the Near Future Today many people are anxious about energy for the future, as it seems realistic that petroleum energy will someday run out and since some environmental problems caused by petroleum use are getting worse. As alternatives to today’s main energy source, oil, some others have been proposed already, such as solar, water, biomass, and nuclear. Wind Power is the one of the ways that has the biggest potential and is the most practical. And it is predicted to play an important role in electrical generation for the new era. But to think wind power will be the dominant energy source can be too optimistic. How will wind power be used? To what extent will wind power take the place of petroleum? We can find the answers in some recently published articles. The article â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands,† refers to the case of BA and Chevron Texaco, the major petroleum companies, which are constructing a wind farm near Rotterdam. The article reports that this wind farm will generate the low emission electricity for 20,000 households and help the stability of the electricity market. And in the article â€Å"Power into the Future,† Ken Eastwood reports on the position of wind power in Australia. Until now mainly coal has been used in Australia, but in 2001, the federal government of Australia announced that within 10 years an extra 2 per cent of the country’s power must be produced by renewable sources, in order to reduce global warming. Eastwood said the electric generating system would shift from a small amount of huge generators to smaller but widely distributed ones. Wind power can be produced locally on a small scale. One example from Ravenshoe, a small town in northeast Australia, is shown. There... ...leum based energy, but up to a single digit percent of total. It seems that the use of wind power will be limited in both it’s amount and location. And most likely, it will be used in combination with other methods. Works Cited American Wind Energy Association. â€Å"Wind Energy: An Untapped Resource.† Ken Eastwood. â€Å"Power into the Future.† Australian Geographic, Jul-Sep 2002, Issue 67. Harris Cassius A. â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands.† Civil Engineering, Mar 2002, Vol. 72, Issue 3. Walt Patterson. â€Å"Pioneered the Concept of Distributed Micropower Generation.† Scientific American, Dec 2004, Vol. 291, Issue 6. Joe Provey. â€Å"Off the Grid.† Popular Mechanics, Mar 2005, Vol. 182, Issue 3. Peter Schwartz and Reiss Spencer. â€Å"Nuclear Now.† Wired, Feb 2005, p 78~83. â€Å"Wind Turbines Taking Toll on Birds of Prey.† USA Today, Jan 05, 2005.

Childhood disorders Essay

CHILDHOOD DISORDERS While children can have similar mental health problems that adults have, like anxiety or depression, children’s problems often have a different focus. Children may have difficulty with changes associated with growing up, such as beginning school. They may lag behind in comparison to how other children their age are progressing, or during stressful times, they may behave like a younger child would do. Even when children do have problems that also appear in adults, the problem tends to look different in a child. For example, anxious children are often very concerned about their parents and other family members. They may want to be near loved ones at all times to be sure that everyone is all right. This site covers the following topics: Childhood Anxiety, Encopresis, Enuresis, and Oppositional Behavior. Childhood Anxiety Childhood anxiety occurs when a child is overly anxious, experiences separation anxiety, or avoids certain situations, people, or places. Usual signs of childhood anxiety include excessive distress when separated from home or from family members, worry about losing a loved one, worry about being lost or kidnapped, fear of going to school or away from home, difficulty sleeping away from home, and nightmares. Physical complaints such as stomachaches and headaches are common when the child is anticipating being separated from parents or other family members, such as spending the weekend with grandparents. These symptoms sometimes develop after an upsetting event in the child’s life, such as the death of a loved one or a pet, beginning or changing schools, moving, or being ill. Some evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial for treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of childhood anxiety, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Anxiety Disorders of Association of America: Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents site has specific information about how anxiety disorders appear in children that  may be different from adult anxiety. Encopresis Encopresis is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in defecation (bowel movement) in clothing, in the bed, or on the floor. Encopresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 4 years old, although frequently children younger than 4 also cannot control their bowels. Encopresis more commonly affects boys than girls. Some evidence suggests that behavior modification is beneficial for treatment of encopresis. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of encopresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Children’s Medical Center at the University of Virginia (â€Å"Kid’s Health†) has an excellent website with more information about normal bowel habits and facts on encopresis. Enures:Enures is, commonly known as â€Å"bedwetting†, is repeated urination during the day or night into bed or clothes. Enuresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 5 years old, although younger children often do have difficulty controlling urination. Behavioral treatment is well-established as a beneficial treatment for enuresis. Behavioral treatment usually involves the use of a urine alarm device and parent education. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of enuresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. Click on the Fact Sheet on Bed-Wetting (PDF) for more facts on enuresis and some tips on helping your child with this problem. If you are interested in obtaining a urine alarm device, use your web browser to search for†urine alarm device† to find companies who sell these products on the internet. Oppositional Behavior Oppositional behavior includes things like losing one’s temper, arguing with parents or teachers, refusing to follow rules, being mean or seeking revenge, deliberately annoying people, being angry and resentful, blaming others for one’s own mistakes, and persistently being stubborn and unwilling to compromise. Usually oppositional behavior occurs at home, but it may also occur at school or in the community. Oppositional behavior is common in both preschool children and in adolescents. Parent Management Training is well-established as a beneficial treatment for oppositional behavior in  children. Parent Management Training involves helping parents learn new skills for dealing with oppositional and defiant behavior. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of oppositional behavior, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Not My Kid site has links with information on oppositional behavior, parent guides, anger control tips, and support groups. PAGBASA †¦ ang pagbasa ay isang proseso o paraan ng pagkuha ng ideya, informasyon o kahulugan sa mga simbulong nakalimbag. ito ay nkktulong rin sa ating kaalaman upang lumawak ang ating isipan. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Teorya ng pagbasa: teorya ng pagbasa a. Teoryang Bottom-Up- Ito ay isang traditional na pagbasa. Ito ay bunga ng teoryang behaviorist na higit na nagbibigay pokus sa kapaligiran sa paglinang ng komprehension sa†¦ ang mga uri ng pagsulat ay ang mga sumusunod: 1. akademik 2. teknikal 3. jornalistik 4. reperensyal 5. propesyonal 6. Malikhain Mga Layunin sa Pagsulat Ekspresiv Transaksyunal  © Isa itong impormal na paraan ng pagsulat.  © Gumagamit ito ng unang panauhan naako, ko, akin, at iba pa, sa pagsasalaysay.  © Sarili ng manunulat ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Naglalarawan ito ng personal na damdamin, saloobin, ideya at paniniwala.  © Nakapaloob din dito ang sariling karanasan ng manunulat at pala-palagay sa mga bagay-bagay na nangyayari sa paligid.  © Malya ang paraan ng pagsulat dito at walang sensura. Hindi gaanong mahalaga rito ang gramatika at pagbaybay ng ga salita bagkus mahalaga rito na mailabas kung ano ang talagang naiisip at nararamdaman ng isang tao.  © Halimbawa nito ay dyornal, talaarawan, personal na liham at pagtugan sa ilang isyu.  © Layunin nito na maipahayag ang sariling pananaw, kaisipan at damdamin sa pangyayari.  © Ito ay isang pormal na paraan ng pagsulat na may tiyak na target na mambabasa, tiyak na layunin at tiyak na paksa.  © Karaniwang ginagamit dito ang ikatlong panauhan na siya, sila, niya, nila, at iba pa sa paglalahad ng teksto  © Ibang tao ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Hindi ito masining o malikhaing pagsulat bagkus ito’y naglalahad ng katotohanan na sumusuporta sa pangunahing ideya.  © Nagbibigay ito ng interpretasyon sa panitikan, nagsusuri, nagbibigay ng impormasyon, nanghihikayat, nangangatwiran, nagtuturo o kaya’y nagbibigay ng ensahe sa iba.  © Kontrolado ang paraan ng psagsulat dahil may pormat o istilo ng pagsulat na kailangang sundin.  © Halimbawa nito ay balita, artikulo, talambuhay, patalastas, liham sa pangangalakal, papel sa pananaliksik, ulat, rebyu, sanaysay na pampanitikan, sanaysay na naghihikayat, sanaysay na nangangatwiran, interbyu, editorial, dokumentaryo at iba pa.

Discipline and Corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment by definition is the deliberate infliction of physical pain as a system of changing behaviour. Corporal punishment may consist of methods such as shaking, pinching, kicking, punching, slapping, hitting, painful body posture, or use of different objects such as sticks, belts and paddles (National Association of School Nurses, 2002, p. 1). In the past, corporal punishment was a technique of disciplining youth and children in the school setting.At present, several States in America have enacted legislation banning corporal punishment in schools. On the other hand corporal punishment has been an accepted mode of reprimand that several parents choose to integrate into their lives without giving a careful consideration. The mode of punishment can commence at any time but is generally initiated within the start of the child’s grade school (Mathews, 2006, p. 1). The physical inflictions can be tolerated all the way until the teenager grows old enough to leave or be independent.This type of correction is purely torture, which has been employed for centuries and is still a frightening and disturbing incidence in several families today. Dr. Murray Straus of the University of New Hampshire Family Research Laboratory revealed that corporal punishment: when regularly imposed to children it increases their antisocial behaviour such as bullying, cheating, stealing, lying, assaulting peers or sibling, and lack of repentance for erroneous doings (The Center for Effective Discipline, n.d. ); provides as a model for violent behaviour and for improper ways of dealing with disagreement among the punished children; erodes trust between a child and parent; and badly influences cognitive development of the child. Corporal punishment is not desirable for the reason that it increases the risk of child abuse and adults who were frequently hit during their childhood are likely to experience depression and other unconstructive mental health and social effects.This form of punishment can have a negative effect on the affected children as it relates to their physical and mental growth and health, as they are at a period of fragile mental capacity. Finally, corporal punishment is not desirable because children are entitled to security, care and good rearing from their parents and teachers. Adults should understand the significance of recognizing corrective discipline instead of outright imposition of corporal punishment in disciplining children.Because children’s ability to control their own behaviour is limited, corrective discipline is an important characteristic of adequate parenting for the reason that it generates the best preventive steps, which is reducing the occurrence of misconduct, and not eliminating it (Straus, Fauchier, 2007, p. 5). Corrective discipline incorporates positive in addition to disciplinary behaviours, and combinations of the two. Conclusion Corporal punishment has a strong possibility to influence the childâ⠂¬â„¢s self-image and contribute to violent and disruptive behaviours.However, the practice remains a commonly used method of discipline in most American families and is still legal in educational institutions in several States in America. The progress of social skills after the infliction of corporal punishment may be severely changed, leading to belligerent behaviours. The imposition of corporal punishment also advances the message that cruelty is an acceptable form of behaviour in the society. Clearly, corporal punishment is not desirable and effective in enforcing discipline among children.

Nebraska Landscape in My Antonia

The Nebraska Landscape Humankind’s relationship to its environment is one of the strongest bonds people can make. In Willa Cather’s My Antonia, this relationship is shown through many of the characters want to return to their hometown of Black Hawk, Nebraska. What they find they miss is a lost setting, a vanished world of people, places, and natural surroundings. They all develop a strong attachment to the Nebraska landscape, which never seems to leave them. Part of the reason for this connection is that the novel is set in a time and place where the weather places limitations on the characters.As a result, the characters are simply more in tune with the weather and the natural elements in general. The landscape gives their feelings and thoughts a physical form, and reveals the theme of human connection with its surroundings as a whole. Jim’s relationship with the Nebraska landscape is important on its own terms, but it also comes to represent Jim’s relati onship with the people and culture of Nebraska as well as his inner self. The river, that Jim and Antonia enjoy swimming in, represents his free soul.Jim always allows himself to enjoy the simple things in life and adventure with Antonia, but keeps his goals in mind. The wide open Nebraska plains represent his open-minded, romantic personality that develops as he grows up. When he starts college, he finds himself beginning a relationship with his old friend Lena, and does everything in his power to make her happy. The landscape seems to shape his life and personality, changing and developing as he does. It also mirrors Jim’s feelings—it looks desolate when he is lonely—and also awakens feelings within him.Another example of landscape description symbolizing the feeling of a situation is at the burial of Mr. Shimerda. Mr. Shimerda commits suicide after a particularly difficult winter, and his family is devastated regarding his loss and their economic situation. H is funeral is also held in the dead of winter, the coldest time of year. The land is unyielding and unforgiving, just as it had been for the Shimerdas trying to make a living off of it when they moved to Nebraska. There seems to be a bitter feel at the funeral, almost as bitter as the cold air outside.The plow, which Jim and Antonia see silhouetted against the enormous setting sun, also reveals the theme of the connection between human culture and the natural landscape. As the sun sets behind the plow, the two elements are combined in a single image of calmness, suggesting that man and nature also coexist harmoniously. However as the sun sinks lower on the horizon, the plow seems to grow smaller and smaller, ultimately reflecting the dominance of the landscape over those who inhabit it.

Judeo-Christian, Islamic, Mayan and Hindu

One of the most compelling issues regarding religious comparison is the knowledge that each of these religions believes itself to be the only correct path to enlightenment or the afterlife. This is one similarity that is found in virtually all religions.The Jews, Christians and Islamic all have a similar story of creation. Each starts with Adam and Eve being created by God or a Supreme Being. They all have parts where the angels take issue with what they perceive to be God’s favoritism regarding his creations.There are many complaints about they fact that they have always been by his side and done his bidding and now they are required to bow down to the humans he created. Not all religions believe in angels but almost all of them have some form of creature that is not happy about the creation of man. This is man’s way of putting himself first in the eyes of his God. Man feels a need to balance his superiority with a need for guidance. The omnipotent being covers the gui dance aspect and man being over the angels satisfies his superiority issue.All of the religions have one or more antagonists in their creation stories. With the Jews, Christians and Islamic it is Satan, with the Hindu it is the negative emotions such as greed, anger and desire and with the Mayan it is the Gods themselves who are the testers of man.Satan, in the religions who believe, is a â€Å"fallen angel†. He is so called because when all the other angels do God’s bidding and bow down to man, he alone refuses to do so, stating he was there before them and would not bow to something less than himself. This, of course, angered God and he told Satan that from now on he was banned from God’s sight.According to all the religions who believe in Satan, this was fine with him. He told God that he would spend his time tempting and leading astray the people that God had created. God, in turn, stated that only people who ere not worthy would fall for Satan’s tric ks and if they did, they could join him in hell for eternity.Man has a need to explain everything in his life, good, bad or otherwise. As there is a God who is good, there must be a Satan (or other being) that is not good. This explains man’s dual personality and is even covered in those religions that do not subscribe to God and Satan. Duality is the basis of many religions and balance is a major issue within them.In the Mayan tradition, the Gods created man for personal reasons, which was to worship them and make sure they were not forgotten. They tested the first couple of groups they created but were displeased with the results. The people they created were too basic to understand what they had been made for and could not adore the Gods properly so they were destroyed. Even the last group the Gods made was faulty according to the Gods, this time because they knew and saw too much. The Gods dimmed their vision so they would not be equals with the Gods.Although all the reli gions teach of the desire and attempts to become â€Å"Godlike†, they all seem to have the undercurrent of Gods who do not wish to have equals but rather worshippers instead. It may be that we, as humans, need to feel there is a â€Å"father figure† we can turn to or alternately blame for those things that happen in our lives. This is unusual since mankind tends to be very egotistical regarding our place in the universe and yet   when it comes to religion, we are more than willing to step aside and let an omnipotent being guise our destiny.

Breast Is Best Essay Research Paper Breast

Breast Is Best Essay, Research Paper Breast Is Best Breast eating non merely provides the perfect nutrient and nutrient bringing system for babies, it is besides the most household friendly pick a new female parent can do.# 8220 ; Human breast milk contains at least one hundred ingredients non found in cow # 8217 ; s milk and that can non be precisely duplicated in commercial expression # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 3 ) . As a babe grows and alterations, chest milk automatically individualizes itself for each baby. The foods in chest milk alter themselves to suit the babe # 8217 ; s demands. Breast milk is more easy digested than cow # 8217 ; s milk or expression. # 8220 ; The sum of protein in female parent # 8217 ; s milk ( 1.5 % ) is lower than in cow # 8217 ; s milk ( 3.5 % ) ( Brockport 1 ) , doing it gentler on the baby # 8217 ; s tummy. Soy milk expressions are even further in composing from what nature intended. Brockport besides points out that # 8220 ; an baby that has been breast fed is less likely to go fleshy and it lower s the opportunity of fleshiness later in life # 8221 ; ( 2 ) . Virtually no babe is allergic to breast milk, while # 8220 ; beta-lactoglobulin, a Smith 2 substance contained in cow # 8217 ; s milk can trip an allergic reaction which can be life endangering # 8221 ; ( Denmark 1 ) . Some suspect this to be the cause of certain instances of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Denmark states that # 8220 ; for every 87 unnaturally fed babes who die from SIDS, merely three chest Federal babes die from SIDS # 8221 ; ( 1 ) . Nursed babes are about neer constipated because of the easier digestibleness of chest milk. Breast fed babes are less likely to endure from gripes, gas, and inordinate ptyalizing up. They besides seldom have diarrhea-since chest milk seems to destruct some diarrhoea doing beings and to promote the growing of good vegetations in the digestive piece of land, which further discourages digestive disturbance. Large sums of Na are hard for a babe # 8217 ; s kidneys to manage. Breast milk contains one-third the mineral salts of cow # 8217 ; s milk, therefore doing it soft to the kidneys. There is less phosphoric in chest milk every bit good. The higher P content of cow # 8217 ; s milk is linked to a reduced Ca degree in the expression fed infant # 8217 ; s blood. Breast Federal babes are far less likely to go sick during the first twelvemonth than expression fed babes. # 8221 ; The transportation of immune factors in chest milk and in the pre-milk substance, foremilk, provides partial protection. Every clip chest fed babies suckle at their female parent # 8217 ; s chest from the first clip to the last ; they are acquiring a healthy dosage of anti-bodies to bolster their unsusceptibility to Smith 3 disease # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 54 ) . One recent survey suggest # 8221 ; there may besides be a reduced hazard of childhood malignant neoplastic disease in chest Federal babies # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 55 ) . Breast Federal babes are well-fed since chest eating plants by supply and demand. The more the babe nurses the greater the female parent # 8217 ; s milk production. Overall, babes that are breast Federals have less wellness jobs than babes that are unnaturally fed. # 8220 ; They have three times fewer ear infections, five times fewer urinary piece of land infections, five times fewer serious unwellnesss and seven times fewer allergic reactions. Babies who are fed mother # 8217 ; s milk entirely, for at least their first 26 hebdomads, are six times less likely to develop lymphoma ( a type of malignant neoplastic disease ) in childhood, and babes breast fed for at least one twelvemonth are merely half as likely to develop diabetes # 8221 ; ( Sears 41 ) . Breast milk can get down a life-time of good wellness for a babe. As grownups, people who were breast Federals have: less asthma, diabetes, fewer tegument upsets, fewer allergic reactions, lowered hazard of bosom onslaught due to take down cholesterin degrees, fewer ulcers, less Crohn # 8217 ; s disease, and protection from certain chronic liver diseases. Breast milk encourages proper development. It promotes # 8220 ; good jaw development # 8221 ; , which has an advantage to proper tooth development and alliance, and # 8220 ; active usage of oral cavity and lingua while breast-feeding encourages proper address development. Switch overing babe from right to go forth arm Smith 4 while feeding promotes balanced oculus musculuss # 8221 ; ( Dermer 1 ) . In add-on, Dermer states that # 8220 ; breast milk enhances structural development of the oculus and allows growing and development of babe # 8217 ; s encephalon and cardinal nervous system ( 2 ) . Recent surveies show higher IQ tonss for chest Federal kids, straight correlated with the length of clip they were breast Federal. Aside from the nutritionary, physical, and mental advantages of chest eating, the chest fed baby tends to be happier and more confident. Obvious are the chest eating advantages to the baby, but what about for the female parent? When a female parent chest feeds her babe, they bond. The skin-to-skin contact and interaction promotes adhering and enhances understanding and credence. A survey from a underdeveloped state found that when chest eating rates were increased among female parents with a important forsaking rate, fewer of these female parents abandoned their babes. Breast eating besides encourages feelings of peace, satisfaction, relaxation, and intimacy. Immediately after birth, the babe # 8217 ; s sucking causes perennial explosions of oxy-toxin to be released which in bend contracts the womb. This protects the female parent from postpartum hemorrhaging every bit good as assisting the womb to return to its normal size, which finally aides the female parent in returning to her pre-pregnancy weight. Mothers who breast provender are at a lower hazard for chest malignant neoplastic disease. Eisenburg tells us that # 8220 ; adult females nursing for a lifetime sum of two old ages lower Smith 5 their hazard before climacteric by 40 per centum. Nursing for six old ages lowers their hazard before climacteric by 66 per centum, and seven old ages of nursing lowers the hazard of chest malignant neoplastic disease throughout a adult female # 8217 ; s life-time to about zero # 8221 ; ( 55 ) . Breast eating besides lowers the hazard of other malignant neoplastic diseases such as ovarian and uterine malignant neoplastic diseases. On a lighter note, allow us non bury God # 8217 ; s natural chest augmentation which enhances the chests appearance far more dexterously than any sawbones # 8217 ; s manus.# 8220 ; Breast eating entirely, without solids or addendums, delays the oncoming of ovulation and monthly catamenial rhythms # 8221 ; ( Dermer 1 ) , which contributes significantly to household planning and child-spacing. In making this, the female parent is practising the lactactional amenorrhoea method which is over 98 per centum effectual in forestalling gestation the first six m onths postpartum. The degree of protection T biddy decreases in relation to the strength and frequence of suckling. In Senegal, where female parents breast provender for an norm of 19 months, and in Bangladesh, where female parents breast feed an norm of 31 months, births are at least two old ages apart. The child-spacing consequence of chest eating is particularly relevant to adult females for whom contraceptive method is unaffordable, unavailable, or unacceptable. Breast milk is readily available and convenient, no bottles to warm or formula to blend. In contrast, trust on bottle-feeding is peculiarly hazardous for households with low incomes and limited entree to clean H2O and fuel. Too Smith 6 frequently, taint occurs when bottles can non be decently sterilized, and malnutrition consequences when babes are bottle-fed liquids such as diluted juices or teas. The economic sciences of breast-feeding are besides of import to see. Breast- feeding saves households clip and money that would be spent on buying infant expression, bottles, wellness attention, and fuel. For illustration, # 8220 ; the mean cost of feeding a six-month old babe is eight hundred and 55 dollars for one twelvemonth # 8221 ; ( Brockport 3 ) , utilizing powdery expression. Concentrated and ready to utilize expressions be even more. This is equal to at least the mean family # 8217 ; s monthly per capita income in many developing states. On the norm, households spend two hundred dollars in wellness attention claims for the norm one twelvemonth old unnaturally fed babe. Because chest Federal babes are healthier than those who receive chest milk replacements, households save clip and money that would be spent on visits to wellness practicians and on buying medical specialties. In short, breast eating enables households to accomplish great autonomy, therefore cut downing their dependence upon commercial ( and interior ) merchandises. The painstaking individual should besides be sensitive to the effects chest eating has on the environment. Breast eating is ecologically sound since it uses merely renewable resources and produces merely biodegradable wastes. In Smith 7 contrast, bottle-feeding utilizations non-renewable resources such as Sn, plastic, glass and Si, and produces non-biodegradable wastes and pollution. Furthermore, while chest milk is produce locally and on demand, bottle-feeding merchandises are frequently transported considerable distances by transnational companies. Eisenburg points out that # 8220 ; Artificial milk involves ; overgrazing of land by cowss, usage of chemical fertilisers to turn the soy, usage of valuable environmental resources for expression production, packaging and transporting of the merchandise, usage of H2O and fuel in commixture and heating the merchandise, waste disposal of the tins, bottles, accoutrements, cartons, etc. Artificial eating additions social and personal wellness attention costs and harmfully effects the environment # 8221 ; ( 56 ) . Harmonizing to the Surgeon General of the United States, 30 to forty per centum of new female parents start off chest feeding their babes. The official end of the Surgeon General # 8217 ; s office is to duplicate the figure so that 70 five per centum of new female parents are breast-feeding. The adult females least likely to breast provender are low-income adult females. Unfortunately, these are the really adult females who are most likely to go corpulent after gestation and whose babes could most profit from the long-run wellness benefits of chest eating.# 8220 ; Ever since Eve put Cain to suckle for the first clip, breast-feeding has Smith 8 been coming of course to female parents and neonates. Right? Well, that is non ever the instance, at least non right off # 8221 ; ( McGough ) . Eisenberg would hold to this statement. Although nursing does come of course, he believes # 8220 ; It comes of course a small later for some female parents and babes than others # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . Sometimes there are physical factors that hamper those first few efforts ; at other times it # 8217 ; s merely a simple deficiency of experience of both participants. Whatever might be maintaining the babe and the chests apart, it won # 8217 ; t be long before they are in perfect sync, every bit long as the female parent doesn # 8217 ; t give up foremost. Some of the most reciprocally fulfilling breast-baby relationships begin with several yearss of fumbling, failed attempts, and cryings on both sides. As a first clip female parent I can associate to challenges of larning to breast-feed. I have a healthy, smart, good adjusted ( non to advert beautiful ) babe miss. I contribute a big portion of those qualities to breast-feeding. I was a chest babe myself, and upon larning that I was pregnant, I had really small vacillation in make up ones minding if I would follow in my female parent # 8217 ; s footfalls. I did extended research on the pros and cons of breast-feeding and came up with really few cons. I feel that chest eating my girl was the first and most of import gift I could give her, aside from love. The satisfaction that I received from nursing her far outweighs any incommodiousnesss that I might hold incurred. The comfort of cognizing that she was acquiring the best, most Smith 9 alimentary nutrient possible is an indefinable one, and the intimacy that we portion because of it is invaluable. Although I was merely able to nurse her for five months, I would non merchandise the experience or the benefits for anything. I hope to be able to nurse my following kid for a twelvemonth. Obstetricians, baby doctors, nurse-midwives, even makers of infant expression agree that breast-feeding is best. No affair how far engineering progresss, there will ever be some things that Mother Nature does best. As Oliver Wendell Holmes the Elder said over a century ago, # 8220 ; A brace of significant mammary secretory organs has the advantage over the two hemispheres of the most erudite professor # 8217 ; s encephalon in the art of intensifying a alimentary fluid for babies # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . Smith 10 Brockport. # 8220 ; Advantages of Breast-feeding # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acs.brockport.edu/~bb1368* . Page 1-3. Denmark.. # 8220 ; Breast-feeding for Good Health # 8221 ; Advertisement. Department of Health and Human Services. July 1999. Dermer, Alicia. # 8220 ; Breast-feeding: Good for Babies Mothers and The Planet # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //medicalreporter.health.org* . page 1 A ; 2. Eisenburg, Heidi E. Murkoff, and Sandee E. Hathaway. What to Expect the First Year. New York: Workman, 1996. McGough, Patrick. Telephone interview. 13 July 1999. Sears, William. # 8220 ; Ensuring Baby # 8217 ; s Health. # 8221 ; Rearing. January 1998.